Analysis Q2 2025 toxic bot comments
The dataset of toxic bot comments detected between April 03, 2025 and June 25, 2025 has over 2.25K English messages (n=2,338). The average toxicity score was very low at 0.10, but a notable peak occurred on June 14, 2025. Several key events could have influenced the spike in toxic bot comments activity but here is a full list of possible events. Despite the low overall toxicity score, the dataset contained problematic and harmful content with the toxic keywords new world order, fake news, zionist, cia, fight, illegal, world war 3, dick, fbi, and satan. For example: “America is the Great Satan, and it is the one that kills innocent people, commits genocide, starves people, and steals Palestinian lands to please Netanyahu and the dirty Zionist terrorist lobby.” (source: unknown).
Prominent toxic categories:
Politics (15%)
Racism
Religion
Jews
Threatening content: About 5% of messages fall within this category
Disinformation content: About 3% of messages fall within this category
Most frequent combination of category: Politics + Religion (click here for the explanation of the different categories
About 20 messages (1%) are very toxic, with a score > 0.8.
Below is a visualization of the top 50 toxic keywords from the second quarter of 2025. The size of the words reflects their frequency relative to others. Notably, weapons and israel were the most frequently used keywords, followed by regional, fire, bomb, massacre, etc..
The table below highlights the various toxic categories detected during Q2 of 2025 and their respective frequencies (represented by black dots and explained further below). The most prominent category was Politics, followed by Ridicule, Sexism, Religion, Threat and Untruth. The categoy Contempt involved the bot comments content with the highest toxicity score, 0.90. The category Jews had a toxicity score of 0.80 and Racism involved content with a toxicity score of 0.70 (on a scale from 0 to 1, where 1 indicates the highest level of toxicity). The keywords show the focus of most of the toxic bot comments, it mainly revolves around the israel and the war in Gaza.
The bar chart below highlights that the most prominent categories within the toxic bot content during Q2 of 2025 were Politics and Religion. Racism, Politics, Relgion, Threat and Untruth all contained bot comments with a toxicity score > 0.8 (see the explanation of the different categories here).
The keyword network below visualizes the main focus of toxic bot content detected during Q1 of 2025. Different colors represent clusters of words frequently used together, highlighting key narratives. The two different narratives in this visualisation show both a focus on Israel and conflicts in the Middle East.