Analysis Q4 2025 toxic bot comments
The dataset of toxic bot comments detected between October 01, 2025 and December 30, 2025, has over 10K English messages (n=12,469). The average toxicity score was 0.30, which is quite high. However, there was a notable peak (2 × SD) on October 02, 2025. Several key events could have influenced the spike in toxic bot comments activity but here is a full list of possible events. Despite the low overall toxicity score, the dataset contained problematic and harmful content with the toxic keywords kill the, satan, massacre, slayer, demon, israhell, the zionists, shallow, idiot, and refugee. For example, a comment says: “Genocide, slaughter of 140k Palestinians was Trumps order through their PROXY Israeli Dogs. They destroy then offer solutions to control. Always same” (source: unknown).
Prominent toxic categories:
Religion (10%)
Politics
Racism
Hatred of Jews
Threatening content: about 5% of messages fall within this category.
Disinformation: about 3% of the messages fall within this category.
Most frequent combination: Politics + Religion.
About 675 messages (5%) were very toxic, with a score > 0.8.
Below is a visualization of the top 50 toxic keywords from the fourth quarter of 2025. The size of the words reflects their frequency relative to others. Notably, massacre, weapons, death and criminals were the most frequently used keywords, followed by immigrants, kill the, politics and violent.
The table below highlights the various toxic categories detected during Q4 of 2025 and their respective frequencies (represented by black dots and explained further below). The most prominent categories were Racism, Politics, Religion, Threat and Untruth. The categoy Jews involved the bot comments content with the highest toxicity score, 0.75 (on a scale from 0 to 1, where 1 indicates the highest level of toxicity). The keywords show the focus of most of the toxic bot comments.
The bar chart below highlights that the most prominent category within the toxic bot content during Q4 of 2025 was by far Politics. All categories, except for sexism contained bot comments with a toxicity score > 0.8 (see the explanation of the different categories here).
The keyword network below visualizes the main focus of toxic bot content detected during Q4 of 2025. Different colors represent clusters of words frequently used together, highlighting key narratives. There is one main narrative surrounding land, israel, european and genocide. Interestingly, there is another narrative involving Chappel Roan, Billie Eilish and Haley Bieber.